December 2004
DISTRICT MANAGERS, CUSTOMER SERVICE, AND SALES
POSTMASTERS
SUBJECT: Black History Month
We celebrate Black History Month, reflecting on the progress, richness, and diversity of African-American achievements.
Although February has been designated as the official month to celebrate Black history, every day is an occasion to highlight
the monumental significance of African-American contributions and the vital role they have played in shaping America's
history.
This year, Black History Month provides an opportunity to raise awareness of the Black Heritage commemorative stamp
series and the 2005 honoree, Marian Anderson. The achievements of operatic and concert star Marian Anderson will be
commemorated on a stamp Jan. 27 during the first day-of-issue ceremony at the Daughters of the Americans Revolution
(DAR) Constitution Hall, Washington, DC. That location is significant. Anderson was victimized by racism in 1939 when DAR
refused to make its Washington, DC, Constitution Hall available due to a "white artist only" policy. First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt, who witnessed Anderson's performance at a White House dinner, left the DAR and made arrangements for
Anderson to perform before an audience of 75,000 at the Lincoln Memorial. Anderson later participated in the March on
Washington in 1963 to again perform at the Lincoln Memorial.
We encourage you to host special events in your community throughout the month of February, highlighting the achievements of Marian Anderson and others honored in the Black Heritage series. Take advantage of Black History Month by
inspiring both children and adults to learn more about African-American history through the educational hobby of stamp
collecting.
The Marian Anderson commemorative stamp will be issued on January 27, 2005, and Black History Month launches
nationally on February 1. The enclosed publicity kit provides a step-by-step guide to help you plan your local Black History
Month and Marian Anderson stamp dedication events and activities. The kit includes the following:
• Suggestions to generate publicity.
• Fill-in news releases for Black History Month events.
• A letter to the editor you can send to local newspapers announcing Black History Month/Marian Anderson stamp ceremonies/events.
• Sample media advisory, public service announcement, and thank you notes.
• Talking points for a speech to be given during local community events.
• Public Affairs and Communications contacts.
• Government Relations contacts.
Please use this Black History Month Community
Relations Publicity Kit to help develop and plan your local events. Be sure
to keep your Public Affairs and Communications Field Communications manager
informed of your activities. Your support of this year's Black History Month
is vital to its success.
Azeezaly S. Jaffer
Vice President
Public Affairs & Communications
cc: Vice Presidents, Area Operations
Manager, Capital Metro Operations
PUBLICITY KIT
Black History Month/Marian Anderson
Publicity Ideas
to Interest the Media
February Is Black History Month
There are many ways to interest local media in your
Black History Month or local dedication of the Marian
Anderson stamp events. Following are some suggestions
to capture media attention.
Note: You can plan Black History Month events in conjunction with Marian Anderson local dedication stamp ceremonies. You should emphasize the fact that this is the 28th
anniversary of the Black Heritage stamp series featuring
Marian Anderson.
• Have a month-long Black History Month celebration
involving employees and their families, school children and congressional, civic, and community leaders. Involve those people in helping to create a traveling or permanent African-American stamp collection
exhibit that could either be placed in Post OfficeTM
lobbies or taken to stamp events at libraries, schools,
or museums throughout the month of February. Highlight a different honoree theme every week of the
month. Some examples of different themes might include sports figures, entertainers, inventors,
educators, leaders, and scientists.
- Photo opportunity: Encourage media to cover the
opening day of your exhibit. Media can take pictures of employees and community members setting up the exhibit to accompany an article about
Black History Month.
- Opening day of the exhibit: Feature unveilings of
the Marian Anderson commemorative stamp and
possibly other stamps in the Black Heritage
series. Ask congressional, civic, and community
leaders to participate in ceremonies.
• Invite children to design stamps about African-
American history, and display their designs in the
Post Office. Have local customers select the winners.
Winners can be awarded Black Heritage or other
commemorative stamp materials.
• Give presentations and workshops to local elementary schools, libraries, reading clubs, and community
organizations like the Girl Scouts/Boy Scouts and the
Rotary Club.
• Look for opportunities to partner with local philatelic
organizations that may be sponsoring local exhibits
or other events. Contact the American Classical Music Hall of Fame and Museum, International Music
Association, Marian Anderson Theater, NAACP,
Black Congressional Caucus, and University of
Pennsylvania Library, where all of Anderson personal
papers - including letters, music scores, programs,
photographs, and sound recordings - are housed.
Offer to speak, conduct workshops, or organize volunteers from among your staff to help.
• Help after-school programs set up stamp collecting
clubs and share African-American history. Ask a local
stamp collector to set up a display of stamp collecting
tools and philatelic materials, such as tongs, magnifier, perforation gauge, albums, first-day covers, and
so on. Go online to the American Philatelic Society's
Web site at www.stamps.org to find local chapters
(including African-American stamp clubs) and affiliates that might be willing to help.
Postal Service employees can find an electronic version
of this kit at http://blue.usps.gov. Click References, then
scroll down and click Postmaster Toolkits. Downloading the
Microsoft Word version makes it easy to complete the fill-in-
the-blank materials.
Implement any of these ideas, combine them, or brainstorm with your employees and come up with ideas of your
own. Using the publicity materials in this kit be sure to publicize each and every event to your local newspaper, radio,
and television stations via press releases, media advisories, and letters to the media. Don't forget to make follow-up
telephone calls.
Products and Licensing
• First Day Cover (single) Item #458061 $ 0.75
• Cultural Diary Page/Illustrated Envelope
Set Item #458076 $12.95
• Cultural Keepsake (cover/pane)
Item #458093 $ 8.15
• Cultural Diary (with pages and stamps)
Item # 458096 $34.95
The Postal Service is introducing a new philatelic product, Expressions of African Americans: A Cultural Diary,
scheduled for release in late January.
This unique collectible consists of a beautifully illustrated binder designed to hold current and future insert
cards of African-American stamp issues as well as personal notes. The initial product offering will include the binder,
insert cards, stamps, and mounts for four African-American
issues from 2004 (Paul Robeson, Wilma Rudolph, James
Baldwin, and Kwanzaa), as well as a companion notepad
for recording personal thoughts.
Details
The 10 x 13 inch binder features a montage of African-
American historical photographs combined with rich textures and decorative elements rendered in warm earth
tones of reds, golds, and browns.
The interior, 8 1/2 x 11 inch wire-bound pages, is a deep
brown and contain slits in all four corners to allow insertion
of stamp issuance cards and notepad pages.
Cultural Diary pages measure 7 3/8 x 10 inches and
contain photographs of the featured stamp subject, biographical information, timeline, and memorable quotations.
Cards are executed in tones designed to echo the color palette of the binder. There is also a reproduction of a stamp
on each card to designate space for mounting the actual
stamp. Cultural Diary pages will be produced for all future
African-American issues and will include a separate stamp
and mount. Separately retailing for $7.95, Cultural Diary
Pages for 2005 include Marian Anderson, Arthur Ashe, and
the "To Form A More Perfect Union" pane, which commemorates key events in the struggle for Civil Rights.
The companion notepad included with the package is
sized to match the diary pages so that the user can record
personal thoughts and combine these personal pages in
the binder with the stamp issuance cards. The pages can
be rearranged as desired to create a uniquely individual
album.
This lovely and unusual product is an ideal vehicle to
preserve thoughts from and about notable
African-Americans, to generate interest in collecting
stamps, and to create a family treasure.
The Cultural Diary can be ordered by calling
800-STAMP-24 or online at www.usps.com in the Postal
Store.
Licensing and Use of Marian Anderson
Stamp Image
Listed below is the licensee that can create products
featuring the Marian Anderson commemorative stamp.
Please call the company directly to order.
Lapel pins, postcards, and magnets:
US ALLEGIANCE INC
63004 LAYTON AVE
BEND OR 97701-3735
Web: www.ipledge.com
Telephone: 800-327-1402
541-330-6282
Fax: 800-622-8212
For additional information about licensing and use of the
Marian Anderson commemorative stamp image, please
contact Licensing@usps.com.
Pictorial Cancellations
A pictorial cancellation has not been produced for the
nation. Post Offices planning second-day events should
feel free to design their own special pictorial postmark. As a
reminder, the Postal Service must make all unusual postmarking services widely known to collectors through advance publicity to avoid limiting the availability of these
postmarks. Therefore, all pictorial postmarks must be reported to the Stamp Development Office 3 weeks prior to
local events. Please use the announcement form on the following page to report your use of a cancellation.
Guidelines for Finalizing Marian Anderson
Commemorative Stamp Pictorial Cancellation Art
To finalize the Marian Anderson commemorative stamp
pictorial cancellation art, insert the date, city, state, and ZIP
CodeTM of the physical location of your event adjacent to
the stamp image. Overall dimensions of the pictorial cancellation must not exceed 4 inches horizontally by 2 inches
vertically. Collectors prefer the dimensions 3 ½ inches by
1 inch.
Second-Day Cancellations
Second-day cancellations are pictorial postmarks and
follow the same guidelines as above. The word "Station" or
the abbreviation "STA" is required somewhere in the design, since it will be a temporary station.
Pictorial Postmark Announcement
Complete this announcement and
forward it to the following address:
PICTORIAL POSTMARK
PROGRAM MANAGER
STAMP SERVICES
US POSTAL SERVICE
1735 NORTH LYNN ST STE 5016
ARLINGTON VA 22209-6432
|
Insert pictorial postmark Copy here
(Camera-ready or reproducible)
No larger than 4" horizontal x 2" vertical
|
Postal Service Contact
(name, address, phone) |
Station Date(s) |
Sponsor |
Station Name |
Complete Street Address
or PO Box Number |
City/State/ZIP+4 |
Mail Cancellation Requests to:
Station Name |
Addressee Name
(usually "Postmaster") |
Complete Street Address
or PO Box 9998 |
City/State/ZIP+4 |
Stamp Artwork
To purchase artwork of the Marian Anderson commemorative stamp or other stamps in the Black Heritage commemorative stamp series, including poster-sized enlargements, color transparencies, and color prints, contact:
VICTOR PULUPA
DODGE COLOR
4827 RUGBY AVE STE 100
BETHESDA MD 20814-3028
E-mail: victor@dodgecolor.com
Telephone: 301-656-0025 x 212
Fax: 301-656-0435
Please plan ahead and allow enough time for production
and shipping.
Suggested Participating Organizations
and Contact Information
The information below is a suggested listing of supporters for Marian Anderson commemorative stamp
dedications.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored
People (NAACP)
National Headquarters
PAULA EDME
CHIEF OF NATIONAL FIELD OPERATIONS
4805 MT HOPE DR
BALTIMORE MD 21215
Telephone: 410-580-5110
Fax: 410-358-1607
877-NAACP-98
Regional National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People (NAACP) Offices
Region I
Covering Countries: Japan, Korea
Covering States: Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii,
Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington
FRANK BERRY REGIONAL DIRECTOR
LAINI COFFEE YOUTH AND COLLEGE DIRECTOR
4929 WILSHIRE BLVD STE 360
LOS ANGELES CA 90010-3817
Telephone: 323-931-6331
Fax: 323-931-9036
E-mail: flberry@aol.com
Region II
Covering Countries: Germany, Italy
Covering States: Connecticut, Delaware, Maine,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New
York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont
HILDA RODGERS REGIONAL DIRECTOR
DIALLO SHABAZZ YOUTH AND COLLEGE DIRECTOR
BEVERLY WHEELER SENIOR SECRETARY
MILDRED ROXBOROUGH CONSULTANT
39 BROADWAY STE 2201 22ND FL
NEW YORK NY 10060-3060
Telephone: 212-344-7474
Fax: 212-344-1212
E-mail: hrodgers@naacpnet.org
Region III
Covering States: Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan,
Ohio, West Virginia, Wisconsin
SHIRLEY P MILES REGIONAL DIRECTOR
REV JULIUS HOPE DIRECTOR RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS
ERNEST COVERSON YOUTH AND COLLEGE DIRECTOR
JOYCE WILEY SENIOR SECRETARY
17 FORD AVE
HIGHLAND PARK MI 48203-3620
Telephone: 313-869-3717
Fax: 313-869-3763
E-mail: milesregion3@aol.com
Region IV
Covering States: Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota,
Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South
Dakota, Wyoming
REV GILL FORD DIRECTOR
SHALIA LINDSEY YOUTH AND COLLEGE DIRECTOR
4477 WOODSON RD STE 201
ST LOUIS MO 63134-3700
Telephone: 314-428-9900
Fax: 314-428-9904
E-mail: fordrevg@aol.com
Region V
Covering States: Alabama, Florida, Georgia,
Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee
REV CHARLES WHITE REGIONAL DIRECTOR
YVONNE FINNEY OFFICE MANAGER
ALETHEA BONELLO YOUTH AND COLLEGE DIRECTOR
970 MARTIN LUTHER KING DR STE 203
ATLANTA GA 30314-2962
Telephone: 404-688-8868
Fax: 404-524-3633
E-mail: whitejrcharles@aol.com
Region VI
Covering States: Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico,
Oklahoma, Texas
GEORGIA NOONE REGIONAL DIRECTOR
CATHY LANG SENIOR SECRETARY
KHAMAL LAKEY YOUTH AND COLLEGE DIRECTOR
3003 SOUTH LOOP W STE 500
HOUSTON TX 77054-1376
Telephone: 713-662-2727
Fax: 713-661-5982
E-mail: gnoone@naacpnet.org
Region VII
Covering States: District of Columbia, Maryland,
Virginia
BROOKE MCCAULEY REGIONAL DIRECTOR
KIMBERLY BILLS YOUTH AND COLLEGE DIRECTOR
4701 MOUNT HOPE DR STE B
BALTIMORE MD 21215-3246
Telephone: 410-580-2806
E-mail: bmccauley@naacpnet.org
****************************************************************
|
You may also contact your local public libraries, schools
of Music and Arts, and African-American bookstores for
participation in the events.
|
****************************************************************
|
Other Suggestions:
THE METROPOLITAN OPERA
PETER CLARK
GENERAL PRESS REPRESENTATIVE
30 LINCOLN CENTER
NEW YORK NEW YORK 10023-6980
Telephone: 212-870-7457
E-mail: pcclark@mail.metopera.org
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
ANNENBERG RARE BOOK AND MANUSCRIPT LIBRARY
3420 SOUTH ST
PHILADELPHIA PA 19104-6324
Telephone: 215-898-4021
E-mail: muselib@pobox.upenn.edu
THE JUILLIARD SCHOOL
JANET KESSIN DIRECTOR COMMUNICATIONS
60 LINCOLN CENTER PLZ
NEW YORK NY 10023-6588
Telephone: 212-799-5000, ext. 207
E-mail: news@juilliard.edu
CITY COLLEGE OF NEW YORK
MARIAN ANDERSON THEATRE
COMPTON-GOETHALAS HALL
138TH ST AND CONVENT AVE RM 311
NEW YORK NY 10031-0001
Telephone: 212-650-5960
Fax: 212-650-5934
Keith Lee Grant, Contact
kgrant552@yahoo.com
NEW YORK PHILHARMONIC
LANE JOST PUBLICIST
10 LINCOLN CENTER PLZ
NEW YORK NY 10023-6912
Telephone: 212-875-5705
NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS
1100 PENNSYLVANIA AVE NW
WASHINGTON DC 20506-0001
Telephone: 202-682-5570
CARNEGIE HALL
SUSAN KING VICE PRESIDENT PUBLIC AFFAIRS
881 SEVENTH AVE
NEW YORK NY 10019-3293
Telephone: 212-903-9600
SHERWOOD CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC
1312 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVE
CHICAGO IL 60605
Telephone: 312-427-6267 Ext. 100
THE FAIRFIELD COUNTY COMMUNITY FOUNDATION
SUSAN M ROSS
PRESIDENT CEO
523 DANBURY RD
WILTON CT 06897
Telephone: 203-834-9393
Fax: 203-834-9996
E-mail: sross@fccfoundation.org or
www.fccfoundation.org
CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS
PAUL BRATHWAITE
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR POLICY
2235 RAYBURN HOUSE OFFICE BUILDING
WASHINGTON DC 20515-0001
Telephone: 202-226-9776
Fax: 202-225-3178
E-mail: p.brathwaite@mail.house.gov
trudy.perkins@mail.house.gov
Black Heritage Series Facts
Harriet Tubman (February 1, 1978)
Born a slave, abolitionist Tubman
was the first African-American
woman to be honored on a U.S.
stamp, and the first honoree in the
Black Heritage series. Tubman
was the conductor for the famed
Underground Railroad by which
many slaves escaped to freedom
in the years leading to the Civil
War.
Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 13,
1979)
King is considered one of the most
powerful and popular leaders of the
African-American Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. He
spearheaded a massive Civil Rights
movement through marches, sit-ins,
boycotts, and demonstrations that profoundly and positively affected
America's attitudes toward race relations. He was presented the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.
Benjamin Banneker (February 15,
1980)
In 1753, Banneker constructed the
first wooden striking clock made in
America. At age 60, he was chosen by George Washington to help
lay out blueprints for the Capitol in
Washington, DC.
Whitney Moore Young, Jr. (January
30, 1981)
Young served for 10 years as the
executive director of the National
Urban League. In 1969, he received
the nation's highest civilian honor -
the Medal of Freedom.
Jackie Robinson (August 2, 1982)
Robinson broke the Major League
Baseball color barrier in 1947. After
retirement from baseball in 1956, he
remained active in civil rights and
youth activities. In 1962, he became
the first African American inducted
into the Baseball Hall of Fame.
Scott Joplin (June 9, 1983)
A composer and pianist, Joplin was
the "King of Ragtime," fighting for
recognition of ragtime as a significant genre in modern music. Some
50 years after his death, he was
awarded the Pulitzer Prize for his
ragtime opera Treemonisha.
Dr. Carter G. Woodson (February 1,
1984)
A prominent historian and the son of
former slaves from Virginia, Woodson is credited with starting the observance of Negro History Week in
1926.
Mary McLeod Bethune (March 5,
1985)
A noted educator and social activist, Bethune was an advisor to
President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
She founded the National Council
of Negro Women in 1935.
Sojourner Truth (February 4, 1986)
Born into slavery, Isabella Baum
Free went to live in New York City
after acquiring freedom. In 1843,
she changed her name to Sojourner
Truth and began traveling and lecturing on women's rights and the
evils of slavery. She was considered one of the greatest orators of
her time.
Jean Baptiste DuSable (February
20, 1987)
A pioneer and entrepreneur,
DuSable was the first settler in the
community that was known as the
cornerstone of America's heartland - Chicago. In 1779, starting
from scratch, DuSable built the first
permanent house on the north bank
of the Chicago river, where the
present-day Tribune Tower stands.
The stamp was issued during the
city's sesquicentennial.
James Weldon Johnson (February
2, 1988)
Johnson was noted as a lawyer,
educator, and writer. His composition "Lift Every Voice and Sing" is
sung today as the Black National
Anthem.
Phillip Randolph (February 3,
1989)
An eloquent spokesperson for civil
rights and minority labor,
Randolph organized the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters.
After 10 years of fierce struggle,
he achieved the first union contract signed by a white employer
and an African-American leader.
Ida B. Wells (February 1, 1990)
Wells devoted her life to educating
people about the horrors of discrimination and lynching. In 1895, she
published A Red Record, the first
documented statistical report on
lynching.
Jan E. Matzeliger (September 15,
1991)
Matzeliger's invention, the shoe-
lacing machine, patented in 1883,
revolutionized the shoemaking industry and made mass-produced
shoes a reality in America.
W.E.B. Du Bois (January 31, 1992)
Critic, editor, scholar, author, civil
rights leader, and one of the most
influential African Americans of the
20th century, Du Bois was one of the
founders of the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored
People (NAACP) in 1909.
Percy Lavon Julian (January 29,
1993)
Julian won fame for his work as a
research chemist. He synthesized
cortisone for arthritis, a drug for
glaucoma, and progesterone. In
1990, he was inducted into the
National Inventors Hall of Fame.
Dr. Allison Davis (February 1,
1994)
A psychologist and educator,
Davis served on the President's
Commission on Civil Rights and
was vice chairman of the Department of Labor's Commission Manpower Retraining during the
Johnson and Nixon Administrations. In 1967, he was a Fellow of
the Academy of Arts and Sciences
and of the National Academy of
Education.
Bessie Coleman (April 27, 1995)
On June 15, 1921, Coleman was
the first woman to earn an international aviation license issued by the
Federation Aeronautique Internationale in Paris, and she was the
world's first licensed African-
American aviator.
Ernest E. Just (February 1, 1996)
Known primarily for his research in
marine biology, Just pioneered experiments in the process of the fertilization of marine invertebrates.
He also studied the fundamental
role of the cell surface in the development of organisms. Throughout
the 1930s, Just conducted research in institutes and marine laboratories in Germany, France, and
Italy.
Benjamin O. Davis, Sr. (January
28, 1997)
Davis distinguished himself in a
long military career that saw him
become the nation's first African-
American Brigadier General, in
1940. He was a driving force in the
eventual integration of the U.S.
Armed Forces.
Madam C. J. Walker (January 28,
1998)
Walker was an early 20th century
beauty product pioneer and one of the
nation's first female millionaires. An
early advocate of women's economic
independence and empowerment, her
hair products manufacturing company
employed thousands of women as
sales agents and beauty consultants.
Malcolm X (El-Hajj Malik El-
Shabazz) (January 20, 1999)
In the late 1950s, Malcolm X
emerged as a major spokesperson
for African Americans. He was both
a brilliant scholar and a fiery orator
whose persuasive and passionate
views helped define the debate on
race relations.
Patricia Roberts Harris (January
27, 2000)
An extraordinary leader, committed
public servant, and champion of
civil rights, Harris dedicated her life
to improving the quality of life for all
Americans. She was the first African-American woman to hold a
U.S. ambassadorship when she
was named in 1965 by President
Lyndon B. Johnson to the embassy
in Luxembourg. She was the first
African-American woman to serve as a member of a presidential Cabinet.
Roy Wilkins (January 24, 2001)
Wilkins advocated tirelessly for racial equality. In 1931 Wilkins joined
the NAACP and led the organization from 1955 to 1977 as executive secretary and executive director. Under his leadership, the
NAACP campaigned for the Civil
Rights Act of 1964, the Voting
Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair
Housing Act of 1968.
Langston Hughes (February 1,
2002)
Hughes is acclaimed for his vivid
portrayals of Black America from
the Harlem Renaissance to the
Civil Rights era. A noted poet, novelist, and playwright, he is regarded as one of the most important writers of the 20th century.
Thurgood Marshall (January 7,
2003)
Marshall is one of the best-known
lawyers in the history of civil rights
in America. In 1954 Marshall and
his legal team prevailed in the landmark Supreme Court case, "Brown
v. Board of Education of Topeka,
Kansas," that struck down segregation in public schools. He was the
first African American to serve as a
U.S. Supreme Court Justice.
Paul Robeson (January 20, 2004)
Robeson is remembered not only
for his extraordinary talents as an
actor, singer, and athlete but also
for his tireless and uncompromising commitment to civil rights and
social justice. In addition to his famous repertoire of spirituals,
Robeson became well known for
performing and interpreting folk
songs from around the world.
Marian Anderson (January 27,
2005)
Marian Anderson is known as one
of the nation's greatest classically
trained singers of the 20th century
and is an important figure in the
struggle of Black Americans for
racial equality.
Speech Segment and Talking Points
Use talking points for speeches at local ceremonies
and events to support Black History Month/Marian
Anderson stamp.
[Recognize participants from other organizations.]
America's greatest strength is the diversity of its people.
February is Black History Month, and this is the perfect time
to stop and reflect upon the rich cultural legacy African
Americans have contributed to our nation.
In reality, every month is a celebration of the many African Americans who were instrumental in shaping America's history, arts, music, and literature. That is why the
Postal ServiceTM is so proud to help celebrate Black History
Month with the release of the newest stamp in our Black
Heritage series.
This year, the 28th year in this historic series, we are issuing the Marian Anderson commemorative stamp. Anderson joins 27 other honorees as a part of this series saluting
outstanding African-American activists, theorists, writers,
educators, and leaders.
Marian Anderson is remembered as one of the nation's
greatest classically trained singers of the 20th century, and
she is also an important figure in the struggle of African
Americans for racial equality. She was the first black singer
to appear on the stage of New York's Metropolitan Opera.
She later published a successful autobiography, "My Lord,
What a Morning." Anderson performed at an inaugural ceremony for President Eisenhower's second term and for the
inauguration of President Kennedy.
It is significant the First-Day-of-Issue ceremony for the
Marian Anderson stamp was held at Washington, DC's
Constitution Hall. In 1939, the Daughters of the American
Revolution sparked national protests when they refused to
allow Anderson to sing at Constitution Hall. In response,
the United States Department of the Interior, with the encouragement of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, arranged a
concert at the Lincoln Memorial. An estimated 75,000
people attended, and millions more heard it on the radio.
The episode caused the media to look more closely at
cases of discrimination involving Anderson and other
African-American performers. Anderson finally sang at
Constitution Hall before a capacity crowd in 1953.
Recognizing her extraordinary popularity and determination, the State Department made Anderson a goodwill
ambassador to Asia, and in 1958, she was officially designated a delegate to the United Nations. In 1963, Anderson
sang at the Lincoln Memorial at the historic March on Washington. The following year she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. In 1977, she was awarded the
UN Peace Prize.
Other notable Americans honored in the Black Heritage
stamp series include Harriet Tubman, Martin Luther King,
Jr., Jackie Robinson, Carter G. Woodson, Mary McLeod
Bethune, Bessie Coleman, Ernest E. Just, Benjamin O.
Davis, Sr., Madam C. J. Walker, Malcolm X, Patricia
Roberts Harris, Roy Wilkins, Langston Hughes, Thurgood
Marshall, and last year's honoree, Paul Robeson.
African Americans have played a vital role in the shaping of America's history and culture, and the U.S. Postal
Service remains committed to sharing their achievements
and contributions. Given the popularity and historic
importance of the Black Heritage stamps, there are no
plans to discontinue the series. It will continue to be an important part of our stamp program for many years to come.
We encourage everyone - children and adults alike -
to learn more about Black history and African Americans on
stamps. There are phenomenal stories behind every commemorative stamp - stories that can take us back in time
to learn about great Americans and to help us relive moments in the past - moments that we cherish.
For more than 200 years, the Postal Service has been a
shining example of a public service institution that the
American people can rely on and trust. But in many ways,
it's our commemorative stamp program that best connects
the Postal Service with the American people.
This month, we hope children and adults of all ages will
be participating in Black History Month activities around the
country.
Thanks to all of you for joining us here today.
# # #
Suggested Public Relations Timeline
If you have questions or need assistance with any of these items, please contact the Public Affairs and Communications
representative serving your area (see attached list).
Action
|
Suggested Timing
|
1. Send invitations to local and area dignitaries.
|
A few weeks before event.
|
2. Send announcement and invitations to employees.
|
A few weeks before event.
|
3. Distribute public service announcement to radio/TV.
|
A few weeks before event.
|
4. Distribute news release.
|
A few weeks before event.
|
5. Distribute media advisory to newspapers, radio/TV.
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One week before event.
|
6. Remind invited dignitaries about event via telephone.
|
Five days before event.
|
7. Redistribute media advisory to all news media.
|
One to two days before
event.
|
8. Make follow-up calls to local news media.
|
One day before event.
|
9. Distribute day-of-issuance news release.
|
Day of event.
|
10. Send letter to newspaper editor thanking community.
|
One day after event's
completion.
|
11. Send newspaper clippings and "media successes" summary
to area Public Affairs manager or fax to 202-268-4925.
|
Within one week after event.
|
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: [INSERT YOUR NAME]
[INSERT DATE] [INSERT YOUR PHONE NUMBER]
Internet: www.usps.com
PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT FOR RADIO
Public Invited to Join in Celebration of Black History Month and Dedication of
Marian Anderson U.S. Postage Stamp
[INSERT CITY] postmaster [INSERT NAME] invites everyone in [INSERT LOCATION] to participate in
activities surrounding the Postal Service's celebration of Black History Month and the unveiling of the 2004
Black Heritage commemorative stamp featuring Marian Anderson, on [INSERT DAY AND DATE] from
[INSERT TIME] to [INSERT TIME].
On that day, children and adults will learn more about Black history and African Americans on stamps.
Activities include [DESCRIBE ACTIVITIES].
Come take a moment to celebrate African-American history with stamps. It's an educational way to
learn about the historic people, places and events honored on U.S. postage stamps each year.
# # #
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: [INSERT YOUR NAME]
[INSERT DATE] [INSERT YOUR PHONE NUMBER]
Internet: www.usps.com
SAMPLE PRESS RELEASE
BLACK HISTORY MONTH CELEBRATION IN [INSERT CITY]
FEATURES AFRICAN-AMERICAN HISTORY ON STAMPS
World Renowned Classical Performer Marian Anderson Featured on New Postage Stamp
[INSERT YOUR CITY, STATE] - As part of Black History Month, the U.S. Postal ServiceTM and
[INSERT NAME OF GROUP OR ORGANIZATION(S)] will join together to pay homage to Marian Anderson, the 2005 honoree in the U.S. Postal Service's Black Heritage commemorative stamp series.
[CHANGE TO REFLECT WHO YOUR PARTICIPANTS ARE]
Marian Anderson, renowned classical singer and civil rights activist, [will become/became] the 28th
American honored in the long-running Black Heritage commemorative stamp series. The achievements of
operatic and concert star Marian Anderson [WILL BE/WAS] commemorated on a postage stamp issued
on Jan. 27, 2005.
Anderson was victimized by racism in 1939 when the Daughters of the Americans Revolution (DAR)
refused to make its Washington, DC, Constitution Hall available due to a "white artists only" policy. First
Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, who witnessed Anderson's performance at the White House dinner, left the DAR
and made arrangements for Anderson to perform before an audience of 75,000 at the Lincoln Memorial.
Anderson later participated in the March on Washington in 1963 to again perform at the Lincoln Memorial.
The celebration comes to [INSERT CITY] with a special ceremony scheduled for [INSERT EXACT
TIME OF EVENT] on [INSERT DATE] at the [INSERT NAME OF POST OFFICE, LIBRARY, SCHOOL,
MUSEUM, ETC. WHERE EVENT IS HELD].
[INSERT EVENT AGENDA]
[INSERT QUOTE FROM USPS UNVEILING OFFICIAL]
[INSERT QUOTE FROM ORGANIZATION OFFICIAL YOU ARE WORKING WITH]
[FEEL FREE TO USE THE FOLLOWING BACKROUND INFORMATION AND CUSTOMIZE] [FOR
INSERTION INTO YOUR RELEASE] Anderson joins 27 other honorees in the Postal Service's Black
Heritage commemorative stamp series, which salutes outstanding African-American activists, theorists,
writers, educators, and leaders. Other notable Americans in the series include Harriet Tubman; Martin Luther King, Jr.; Benjamin Banneker; Jackie Robinson; Carter G. Woodson; Mary McLeod Bethune; W.E.B.
Du Bois; Bessie Coleman; Ernest E. Just; Benjamin O. Davis, Sr.; Madam C.J. Walker; Malcolm X (El-Hajj
Malik El-Shabazz); Patricia Roberts Harris; Roy Wilkins; Langston Hughes; Thurgood Marshall and Paul
Robeson.
Anderson was born February 27, 1897, in Philadelphia, PA. Recognizing her talent for music and her
need to study with professional teachers, members of her community raised funds for her musical training.
In that era, American classical musicians rose in professional stature at by studying and performing in Europe. Anderson made her first journey to Europe in late October of 1927. In 1930, she was
awarded a fellowship that allowed her to study in Berlin. Her time abroad was immensely important to her
emotional and artistic growth, enabling her to deepen her understanding of the languages she sang, to
make professional connections, and to escape many of the constraints of Black life in America.
After American producer Sol Hurok heard Anderson sing in Paris, he began to represent her in the
United States, where his business practices effectively made her the equal of white concert artists. On December 30, 1935, he presented Anderson at Town Hall in New York. The concert was a grand success
and a New York Times critic hailed Anderson as "one of the great singers of our time."
Aware of Anderson's growing reputation, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt invited her to sing for
guests at a White House dinner party in 1936. Eleanor Roosevelt subsequently praised Anderson's performance in a newspaper column.
Three years later, Mrs. Roosevelt again wrote in connection to Anderson after a group to which she belonged, the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR), refused to make its Washington venue, Constitution Hall, available for Anderson's Easter concert due to a "white artist only" policy. The First Lady left the
group, and on Easter Sunday 1939, Anderson gave a historic and highly symbolic performance outdoors
before 75,000 people at the Lincoln Memorial. She presented a varied repertoire, including "America,"
Schubert's "Ave Maria," and a group of spirituals. Her performance was broadcast on radio nationwide.
Anderson became the first Black singer to appear on the stage of New York's Metropolitan Opera when
in January 1955 she sang the role of the sorceress Ulrica in Verdi's "Un Ballo in Maschere." The following
year, she published a successful autobiography, My Lord, What a Morning.
As she neared the twilight of her musical career, Anderson became more active in politics. She performed at an inaugural ceremony for President Dwight D. Eisenhower's second term and for the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy. The State Department named her a goodwill ambassador to Asia; in
1958, she was appointed a delegate to the thirteenth session of the United Nations.
At the historic March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in August 1963, Anderson again sang at
the Lincoln Memorial. The following December, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
Anderson won the United Nations Peace Prize in 1977, and her 75th birthday was marked by a gala
concert at Carnegie Hall, where she received New York City's Handel Medallion and a congressional resolution of congratulations delivered by First Lady Rosalyn Carter. Many more honors were bestowed upon
Anderson including the Eleanor Roosevelt Human Rights Award, and in 1991, she received a Grammy
Award for Lifetime Achievement.
Anderson died April 8, 1993, in Portland, OR, where she had moved to be with her nephew.
# # #
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: [INSERT YOUR NAME]
[INSERT DATE] [INSERT YOUR PHONE NUMBER]
Internet: www.usps.com
SAMPLE EVENT OUTLINE
BLACK HISTORY MONTH CELEBRATION IN [INSERT CITY]
HIGHLIGHTS ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF AFRICAN AMERICANS ON STAMPS
EVENT: The U.S. Postal ServiceTM teams up with the [NAME OF GROUP OR ORGANIZATION] for Black History Month celebration and the unveiling of the Marian
Anderson commemorative stamp, the 28th in the Black Heritage stamp series.
[CHANGE OR ADD TO THIS INFO IF YOUR EVENT IS DIFFERENT, BUT
KEEP IT SHORT]
WHO: [LIST ONLY DIGNITARIES, KEY POSTAL OFFICIALS, AND ANY WELL-
KNOWN SPECIAL GUESTS PARTICIPATING AND/OR ATTENDING EVENT]
WHAT: [Describe what makes event newsworthy - list any entertainment,
refreshments, sales, etc.]
WHEN: [Insert hour, day, date]
WHERE: [Insert exact location of event]
BACKGROUND: The achievements of operatic and concert star Marian Anderson will be commemorated on a stamp Jan. 27. Anderson was victimized by racism in 1939
when the Daughters of the Americans Revolution (DAR) refused to make its
Washington, DC, Constitution Hall available for her performance due to a "white
artists only" policy. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, who witnessed Anderson's
performance at a White House dinner party, withdrew from the DAR and made
arrangements for Anderson to perform before an audience of 75,000 at the
Lincoln Memorial. Anderson later participated in the March on Washington in
1963 to again perform at the Lincoln Memorial.
CONTACT: [LIST AREA PUBLIC AFFAIRS AND COMMUNICATIONS REPRESENTATIVE
OR POSTMASTER'S NAME AND PHONE NUMBER]
# # #
SAMPLE LETTER TO LOCAL NEWSPAPER EDITOR THANKING RESIDENTS FOR SUPPORT
[INSERT DATE]
[INSERT NAME]
[INSERT TITLE]
[INSERT NAME OF PUBLICATION]
[INSERT ADDRESS]
[INSERT CITY, STATE, ZIP+4]
Dear [INSERT TITLE AND NAME]:
I want to thank the citizens of [INSERT CITY NAME] for their enthusiasm and support in making yesterday's Black History Month celebration such a successful event for our community and for the U.S. Postal ServiceTM.
African Americans have played a vital role in the shaping of America's history. The U.S. Postal Service
continues its commitment to honoring the historical achievements and contributions of noted African-American leaders, inventors, educators, scientists, entrepreneurs, entertainers, and sports figures. The Black
Heritage commemorative stamp series, along with other stamps, pay tribute to these individuals.
Our nation's stamp program has been developed through the participation of the American people.
Their stamp ideas and suggestions are instrumental in helping the Postal ServiceTM honor some of the
greatest achievements and achievers who have made our country great.
Again, thanks to everyone in our community who participated in our Black History Month celebration.
We hope everyone enjoyed celebrating African-American history with stamps.
Sincerely,
[SIGN]
[INSERT POSTMASTER'S NAME]
Postmaster
U.S. Postal Service
[INSERT CITY, STATE, ZIP+4]
Participation of Public Officials
Black History Month events are a perfect opportunity to involve elected public officials in an important
and positive local event. They are likely to have a keen interest in the event, as it provides elected representatives a chance to interact with constituents in a friendly, civic setting with secured media coverage.
You are encouraged to reach out directly to your federal, state, and local elected officials. Government
Relations representatives are available to assist you in coordinating political involvement and would be
pleased to help in any way. Please contact them for guidance.
This publicity kit contains simple guidelines, sample letters, a suggested invitation list, and the names
and telephone numbers of your Government Relations contacts.
Before the Event
• Send a written invitation 4 to 6 weeks before the event to your two U.S. senators, your congressional representatives, the governor of your state, and the mayor of your community. Please include any other local elected officials you feel would be appropriate. The local postmaster should
sign the invitations.
• Follow up the written invitation with a telephone call to the elected official's scheduler within a
week if you have not received a reply. You may need to call more than once.
• Keep in touch with all elected officials who respond. If asked, provide updated information to the
elected official's staff as it becomes available (e.g., who else is participating, where and when to
meet, what his or her role will be, etc.). Stress that remarks should be brief and limited to the
unveiling of the Marian Anderson commemorative stamp and her achievements, Black Heritage
stamps, and the recognition of the role the U.S. Postal ServiceTM continuously plays in celebrating
African-American history with stamps.
• Include names of all participating elected officials on the "official program" as honored guests,
and mention them in all media advisories, if applicable.
• Provide a courtesy copy of the program to the elected official in advance.
After the Event
• Send a written thank you letter to all elected officials who participated in the ceremony, expressing your appreciation.
• Provide copies to their offices of any newspaper articles about the event. Even though they
might see those articles on their own, you can take the opportunity to remind them of the press
coverage the event received.
• Provide a supply of extra cacheted envelopes with the special cancellation, if applicable, to
elected officials, even to those who could not attend. These make great giveaways and serve as
a positive reminder of the event.
• Obtain and frame a photo of the elected official posing beside the stamp image and make an
appointment to present it in person, if possible. A matted, well-framed photograph stands a good
chance of being hung on the wall of the official's office, again serving as a positive reminder of the
event.
• Keep in touch with your elected officials. Good relationships are built over time.
# # #
SAMPLE INVITATION TO PUBLIC OFFICIALS
[INSERT DATE]
[INSERT NAME]
[INSERT TITLE]
[INSERT ORGANIZATION]
[INSERT ADDRESS]
[INSERT CITY, STATE, ZIP+4]
Dear [INSERT TITLE AND NAME]:
Employees of the [INSERT NAME] Post OfficeTM invite you to be an honored guest at a special ceremony celebrating Blank History Month on [DATE] at [TIME]. During our ceremony, the U.S. Postal ServiceTM will dedicate the Marian Anderson [AND/OR Black Heritage series] commemorative stamp [OR
stamps IF DEDICATING ENTIRE SERIES].
The Postal ServiceTM values its role as a community leader, and we believe that our stamp program
gives us an opportunity to connect with customers in a very personal and informative way. During our ceremony, children and adults alike will have an opportunity to learn about the achievements and contributions of African-American leaders, inventors, educators, scientists, entrepreneurs, entertainers, and sports
figures.
At the stamp ceremony, you will be invited to say a few words about the Marian Anderson commemorative stamp and any comments you may have about African-American history. We expect significant
press coverage of the ceremony and a good size crowd.
We hope you will join us for our stamp dedication and special Black History Month celebration. Please
confirm your participation by calling [NAME OF CONTACT] at [TELEPHONE NUMBER] as soon as
possible.
Sincerely,
[SIGN]
[INSERT POSTMASTER'S NAME]
Postmaster
U.S. Postal Service
[INSERT CITY, STATE, ZIP+4]
SAMPLE THANK YOU LETTER TO PUBLIC OFFICIALS/PARTICIPATING ORGANIZATIONS
[INSERT DATE]
[INSERT NAME]
[INSERT TITLE]
[INSERT ORGANIZATION]
[INSERT ADDRESS]
[INSERT CITY, STATE, ZIP+4]
Dear [INSERT TITLE AND NAME]:
On behalf of the U.S. Postal ServiceTM, I want to thank you for joining us during our special ceremony
celebrating Black History Month and the dedication of the Marian Anderson commemorative postage
stamp. It was a wonderful event for [INSERT NAME OF COMMUNITY], and your participation helped
make it a success.
All of us in the Postal ServiceTM are extremely proud of the role our organization has played as a community leader and in commemorating many of the people, places, and events that have made our country
great. The stamp dedication ceremony was a wonderful way for us to share history on stamps with our
friends, neighbors, children, and customers here in [INSERT NAME OF COMMUNITY]. I am enclosing 10
copies of our special cancellation [IF APPLICABLE] for you to share with your constituents, as well as
copies of press clippings and photographs that recorded the event [IF APPLICABLE].
I look forward to working with you on future community events. If I can be of assistance with any postal
matter, please contact me at [TELEPHONE NUMBER].
Sincerely,
[SIGN]
[INSERT POSTMASTER'S NAME]
Postmaster
U.S. Postal Service
[INSERT CITY, STATE, ZIP+4]
Public Affairs and Communications Field Managers
PAUL SMITH
MANAGER PUBLIC AFFAIRS AND COMMUNICATIONS
EASTERN AREA US POSTAL SERVICE
PO BOX 40593
PHILADELPHIA PA 19197-0593
Telephone: 215-931-5054
|
MONICA HAND
MANAGER PUBLIC AFFAIRS AND COMMUNICATIONS
NY METRO AREA US POSTAL SERVICE
421 EIGHTH AVE RM 5114
NEW YORK NY 10199-9681
Telephone: 212-330-3167
|
DEBRA HAWKINS
MANAGER PUBLIC AFFAIRS AND COMMUNICATIONS
NORTHEAST AREA US POSTAL SERVICE
6 GRIFFIN RD N
WINDSOR CT 06006-9876
Telephone: 860-285-7265
|
EARL ARTIS JR
MANAGER PUBLIC AFFAIRS AND COMMUNICATIONS
SOUTHEAST AREA US POSTAL SERVICE
225 N HUMPHREY BLVD 5TH FL
MEMPHIS TN 38166-0832
Telephone: 678-442-6018
|
JIM MRUK
MANAGER PUBLIC AFFAIRS AND COMMUNICATIONS
GREAT LAKES AREA US POSTAL SERVICE
244 KNOLLWOOD DR 4TH FL
BLOOMINGDALE IL 60117-2208
Telephone: 630-539-6565
|
DON SMERALDI
MANAGER PUBLIC AFFAIRS AND COMMUNICATIONS
PACIFIC AREA US POSTAL SERVICE
7001 S CENTRAL AVE RM 364A
LOS ANGELES CA 90052-9641
Telephone: 323-586-1210
|
DARLA STAFFORD
MANAGER PUBLIC AFFAIRS AND COMMUNICATIONS
SOUTHWEST AREA US POSTAL SERVICE
7800 N STEMMONS FREEWAY STE 450
DALLAS TX 75247-4220
Telephone: 214-819-8717
|
SCOTT BUDNY
MANAGER PUBLIC AFFAIRS AND COMMUNICATIONS
WESTERN AREA US POSTAL SERVICE
1745 STOUT ST STE 1075
DENVER CO 80299-7500
Telephone: 303-313-5130
|
DEBORAH YACKLEY
MANAGER PUBLIC AFFAIRS AND COMMUNICATIONS
CAPITAL METRO OPERATIONS
16501 SHADY GROVE
GAITHERSBURG MD 20898-9998
Telephone: 301-548-1465
|
Government Relations Contacts
We can help! Your Government Relations representatives are here to serve you. We can assist you in contacting
and inviting elected officials to participate in your event -
please let us know.
Alphabetical State/Representative Listing
Area code and prefix for all extensions is 202-268-XXXX
Alabama
|
Laurie Solnik
|
x 3743
|
Alaska
|
Linda Macasa
|
x 3750
|
American Samoa
|
Linda Macasa
|
x 3750
|
Arizona
|
Gerald Kreienkamp
|
x 3744
|
Arkansas
|
Gerald Kreienkamp
|
x 3744
|
California
|
Bill Weagley
|
x 3745
|
Connecticut
|
Jo Waterman
|
x 6748
|
Colorado
|
Gerald Kreienkamp
|
x 3744
|
Delaware
|
Jo Waterman
|
x 6748
|
District of Columbia
|
Rebecca Sumner
|
x 3755
|
Florida
|
Laurie Solnik
|
x 3743
|
Georgia
|
Bill Weagley
|
x 3745
|
Guam
|
Linda Macasa
|
x 3750
|
Hawaii
|
Linda Macasa
|
x 3750
|
Idaho
|
Linda Macasa
|
x 3750
|
Illinois
|
Talaya Simpson
|
x 7839
|
Indiana
|
Annie Kennedy
|
x 7505
|
Iowa
|
Annie Kennedy
|
x 7505
|
Kansas
|
Gerald Kreienkamp
|
x 3744
|
Kentucky
|
Paul Harrington
|
x 6029
|
Louisiana
|
Gerald Kreienkamp
|
x 3744
|
Maine
|
Kathy Sitterle
|
x 6027
|
Maryland
|
Rebecca Sumner
|
x 3755
|
Massachusetts
|
Jo Waterman
|
x 6748
|
Michigan
|
Talaya Simpson
|
x 7839
|
Minnesota
|
Annie Kennedy
|
x 7505
|
Mississippi
|
Laurie Solnik
|
x 3743
|
Missouri
|
Annie Kennedy
|
x 7505
|
Montana
|
Linda Solnik
|
x 3743
|
Nebraska
|
Gerald Kreienkamp
|
x 3744
|
Nevada
|
Linda Macasa
|
x 3750
|
New Hampshire
|
Jo Waterman
|
x 6748
|
New Jersey
|
Jo Waterman
|
x 6748
|
New Mexico
|
Gerald Kreienkamp
|
x 3744
|
New York
|
Kathy Sitterle
|
x 6027
|
North Carolina
|
Bill Weagley
|
x 3745
|
North Dakota
|
Annie Kennedy
|
x 7505
|
Ohio
|
Paul Harrington
|
x 6029
|
Oklahoma
|
Gerald Kreienkamp
|
x 3744
|
Oregon
|
Linda Macasa
|
x 3750
|
Pennsylvania
|
Rebecca Sumner
|
x 3755
|
Puerto Rico
|
Kathy Sitterle
|
x 6027
|
Rhode Island
|
Jo Waterman
|
x 6748
|
South Carolina
|
Linda Macasa
|
x 3750
|
South Dakota
|
Annie Kennedy
|
x 7505
|
Tennessee
|
Linda Macasa
|
x 3750
|
Texas
|
Gerald Kreienkamp
|
x 3744
|
Utah
|
Gerald Kreienkamp
|
x 3744
|
Vermont
|
Kathy Sitterle
|
x 6027
|
Virgin Islands
|
Kathy Sitterle
|
x 6027
|
Virginia
|
Paul Harrington
|
x 6029
|
Washington
|
Linda Macasa
|
x 3750
|
West Virginia
|
Paul Harrington
|
x 6029
|
Wisconsin
|
Talaya Simpson
|
x 7839
|
Wyoming
|
Gerald Kreienkamp
|
x 3744
|
- Community Relations, Public Affairs and Communications, 12-23-04
|