Seasonal depression, or Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), affects many people by causing low moods or “winter blues” during the shorter days of fall and winter, with symptoms often improving in spring as daylight increases.
In most cases, SAD symptoms start in late fall or early winter and go away during the spring and summer, known as winter-pattern SAD or winter depression. Other people experience depressive symptoms during the spring and summer months, known as summer-pattern SAD or summer depression. Summer-pattern SAD is less common.
Symptoms of SAD include the following:
n Persistent sad, anxious, or “empty” mood most of the day, nearly every day, for at least 2 weeks.
n Feelings of hopelessness or pessimism.
n Feelings of irritability, frustration, or restlessness.
n Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, or helplessness.
n Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities.
n Decreased energy, fatigue, or feeling slowed down.
n Changes in sleep or appetite, or unplanned weight changes.
n Thoughts of death or suicide, or suicide attempts.
n Social withdrawal (feeling like “hibernating”).
SAD symptoms typically start in late fall or early winter and go away during the rest of the year.
If you or someone you know is showing symptoms of SAD, talk to a health care provider or a mental health specialist about your concerns. They may have you fill out a questionnaire to determine if your symptoms meet the criteria for SAD.
For more information about Seasonal Affective Disorder, go to: medlineplus.gov.
— Benefits and Wellness,
Human Resources, 12-11-25
