122 Structuring Principles

The principles of an effective organizational structure include the following:

1. Each position is:
1. Tailored to be within the capacities of a single individual.
2. Subject to the line authority of only one higher position.
3. Clearly defined in terms of objectives and measurable contributions.
4. Classified and grouped with other positions to avoid either gaps or overlaps in work and functions.
2. Duties and authority are definitely fixed.
3. Incumbent’s authority corresponds with his or her responsibilities.
4. All activities necessary for an incumbent to achieve objectives are assigned to his or her position.
5. Structure is developed within complement constraints that are projected realistically.
6. Structure provides for control of all work necessary to achieve mandated objectives.
7. Span of control is neither so broad as to exceed the manager’s capacity to manage and integrate effectively nor so narrow as to preclude adequate delegation.
8. Chain of delegation is short enough to minimize vertical filtering of communications.
9. Related activities are integrated at the lowest level consistent with the attainment of objectives, economical use of personnel, and assignment of responsibilities.
10. To the greatest extent possible, the organizational design anticipates future work requirements in order to minimize the need for frequent reorganization.
11. Responsibilities for current and long-range work are clearly segregated.